general to the particular
This form of reasoning is _deductive_, that is, it proceeds from the
general to the particular. Much of our reasoning is an abbreviated form
of the syllogism, and will readily expand into it. For instance, we say,
'It will rain tonight, for there is lightning in the west.' Expanded
into the syllogism form it would be, 'Lightning in the west is a sure
sign of rain; there is lightning in the west this evening; therefore, it
will rain tonight.' While we do not commonly think in complete
syllogisms, it is often convenient to cast our reasoning in this form to
test its validity. For example, a fallacy lurks in the generalization,
'Lightning in the west is a sure sign of rain.' Hence the conclusion is
of doubtful validity.
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